Exams

Foreword

・Helps study Japanese and aim to pass every level.

Scope

・N5: The ability to understand some basic Japanese.
・N4: The ability to understand basic Japanese.
・N3: The ability to understand Japanese used in everyday situations to a certain degree.
・N2: The ability to understand Japanese used in everyday situations, and in a variety of circumstances to a certain degree.
・N1: The ability to understand Japanese used in a variety of circumstances.

Version

・Version 🆅.4.0

Scripts

SC.01: Kanji-Habituate

Learning

Memorizing

Recollect

Recognize

Recalling

SC.02: Kana-Acclimate

Character

Kanawords

SC.03: Kanji-Recollect

L3

Kanji
Nouns
Verbs
I-Adj
Na-Adj
Adverbs
Affixes
Overall

L2

L1

SC.04: Kanji-Expanded

C3

C4

Words

WD.01: Level-Grade

N5

N4

N3

N2

N1

WD.02: Form-Type

Listings

Connectives

Adverbials

Na-Adjectives

I-Adjectives

Onomatope

Interrogatives

WD.03: Boost-Mode

Grammar

GD.01: Level-Grade

L5

L4

L3

L2

L1

LA

LS

GD.02: Event-Case

GD.03: Code-View

GD.04: Class-Type

Memorize

MZ.01: Mnemonic

Study

Sense

Recall

MZ.02: Associate

Meaning

Reading

Retrieve

MZ.03: Recognize

L5

L4

L3

L2

L1

MZ.04: Recalling

L5

L4

L3

L2

L1

Reading

Excerpts

Sentences

Listening

Script

Audio

Video

Questions

QN.01: Kanji-Sense

QN.02: Level-Sight

N5

N4

N3

N2

N1

N0

QN.03: Quiz-Quest

QN.04: Power-Drill

QN.05: Find-Forest

QN.06: Hook-Clips

QN.07: Select-Use

Analysis

AN.01: Grammar-Disection

Class

・① Nominal ・Class
・Ends with a Noun

・彼女のお父さんは有名な医者です.
・Her father is a famous doctor.

・② Adjectival ・Class
・Ends with Adjectives

・食べ物はとても安く美味しいです.
・Food is very cheap and tasty.

・③ Verbal ・Class
・Ends with Verbs

・彼らは近代の複雑な社会に住んでいます.
・They live in a modern, complex society.

Style

・① Style ・Construction
・Determines the complexity of the sentence.

・Simple：Include one main clause.
・Conjoined: Includes two independent clause.
・Complex：Includes a main clause and at least one subordinate clause.

・② Types ・Construction
・Determines the process on how the information is being conveyed upon.
・Gives an information on how the clauses should behave or set within the sentence.

・Declarative：Describe and provides meaning.
・Imperative: Gives some command or instructions.
・Conditional：Set up conditions either hypothetical or factual.
・Interrogative：For asking questions.

・③ Function ・Construction
・Usual pattern or style of a sentence depending on the function intended to carry out or perform.

・Prohibition：Usual pattern or style to prohibit someone to do.
・Suggestion: Usual pattern or style to form a suggestion.
・Permission：Usual pattern or style to give or ask a permission.
・Request：Usual pattern or style for requesting something.

Pattern

・① Particles ・Indicator
・Attached to necessary elements of the sentence to indicate it’s grammatical role and function.

・は：Indicates the topic. Emphasize the statement after the particle.
・が：Indicates the subject. Emphasize the subject itself.
・を：Indicates the direct object. Where the action is directed upon. Indicates also the place of passage and the starting point.
・に：Indicates the place of existence or where it is situated. Indicates a point in time, destination, indirect object, source and purpose.
・で：Indicates the where the action takes place. Indicates a reason or cause, means, time of a change state, materials, cost and amount.

・② Phrasal Particles ・Pattern agreement
・Particles in combination with nouns and verbs.

・General Structure:
・⚭ Prt. + Vte・Vnn-stem・Vru
・に関して・に関し・に関する
・⚭ Prt. + Noun + Prt.
・のために・を中心に
・⚭ Noun + Prt.
・次第で・上で・抜きで

・Modifier: Pre-Nominal Form
・⚭ Noun・Verb + Phrasal Particle + Noun

・コンピュータに関する彼の知識は相当なものだ.
・His knowledge of computers is quite impressive.

・Modifier: Pre-Verbal Form
・⚭ Noun・Verb + Phrasal Particle + Verb

・人は年を取るにつれて記憶力が衰える.
・Memory declines as people get older.

・③ Mode ・Mode of the sentence
・Change at the end of the sentence to provide nuances or slightly change the meaning of the sentences.

・きっとそれなりの理由があったはずだ.
・Surely there must have been a good reason.

・④ Co-Occurrence ・Pattern agreement
・Adverbials must be in agreement with mode of the sentence so it will be deem as valid or not vague or may not sound strange.
・Follows the correct grammatical patterns.

・この関数は決して使用すべきではない.
・This function should never be used.

Relation

・① Clause-to-Clause Relation: ・Connection
・Understanding the relation of clauses of the sentences provides the whole context and meaning of the sentence.

・Equal：Indicates that clauses are on the same page.
・Not Equal ：Indicates that clauses are not on the same page.
・Opposite：Indicates that clauses are on opposite meaning.
・Cause-Effect ：Indicates that first clause is the cause for effect in the second clause.
・Reason-Result ：Indicates that first clause is the reason why the second clause happens.
・State-Effect ：Indicates that the state of first clause have an effect on the second clause.
・Conditional ：Indicates that the first clause sets a condition while the second clause states the consequence.
・Temporal ：Indicates that the first and second clause are bound by time relation.

・❖ Equal Relation: ・Equal
・同じ関係：Ⓐ = Ⓑ

・管理者権限が必要ですた.
・Administrative privileges are required.

・❖ Not Equal : ・Not Equal
・相対関係：Ⓐ ≠ Ⓑ

・この問題は見かけほど難しくない.
・This problem is not as difficult as it appears.

・❖ Clause-to-Clause Relation: ・Opposite
・相対関係：Ⓐ ⬌ Ⓑ

・それを聞いて複雑な気持ちになった.
・Hearing it aroused mixed feelings in me.

・❖ Clause-to-Clause Relation: ・Cause-Effect
・原因結果関係：Ⓐ ⇢ Ⓑ

・ある程度覚えているからこそ出来るペースでもある.
・It is also a pace that I can do because I remember some of it.

・❖ Clause-to-Clause Relation: ・Reason-Result
・理由結果関係：Ⓐ ⇢ Ⓑ

・アカウントの制限によってログオンできません.
・Unable to log on due to account restrictions.

・❖ Clause-to-Clause Relation: ・State-Effect
・状態結果関係：Ⓐ ⇢ Ⓑ

・問題解決に要する時間が短くなるほど生産性が増大します.
・The less time it takes to solve a problem, the more productivity increases.

・❖ Clause-to-Clause Relation: ・Conditional
・条件的な関係：Ⓐ ⇢ Ⓑ

・状況が変わったら知らせてください.
・Let me know if things change.

・❖ Clause-to-Clause Relation: ・Temporal
・時間的な関係：Ⓐ ⇢ Ⓑ

・カメラを切り離す前にファイルシステムをマウント解除します.
・Dismount the file system before disconnecting the camera.

・② Conjunctive Particles ・Connection
・Understanding the relation of clauses of a sentence provides the whole context and meaning of the sentence.

・Inter-Relation：Appropriate conjunction particle depending on the clause-to-clause relation.
・❖ tsutsu：Express simultaneous action perform by the same agent. Imply also some contrast.
・❖ uchi ni：Express simultaneous state or action with uncertain period.
・❖ aida ni：Express that an event could occur while in a given period.
・❖ mae ni：Express that an event happens before the other one.
・❖ ato de：Express that an event could happen in a later time.
・❖ toki ni：Express a point in time that an event or an experience happens or that happened.

・③ Conjunctions ・Connection
・Understanding the relation of the sentences provides the whole context and meaning of the sentence.

・Relation：Relation between sentences.
・❖ demo：Express an opposite state, action or an idea.
・❖ shikashi：Express an opposite state, action or an idea.
・❖ sonoueni：Express an additional information of state, action or an idea.
・❖ sonokekka：Express the result of previous circumstance or situation.

AN.02: Grammar-Examples

Syntax

・① ___うちに、聞いたことをメモしておいた方がいい。
・a. 忘れる b. 忘れない c. 忘れている

・① 忘れないうちに、聞いたことをメモしておいた方がいい.
・wasureru uchi ni. - While you forget.
・wasurenai uchi ni. - While you don’t forget.
・wasureteiru uchi ni. - While forgetting.

・② ちょうどメールを描いている___本人が来た。
・a. までに b. 間 c. ところに

・② ちょうどメールを描いているところに本人が来た
・made ni. - Up to. Sort of a deadline.
・aida. - While. Throughout the whole period.
・tokoro ni. - At the time of. teiru: In the midst of doing.

・③ 音楽の先生との出会い___、ピアノを習いはじめました。
・a. であるため b. のせいで c. をきっかけに d. 以来

・③ 音楽の先生との出会いをきっかけに、ピアノを習いはじめました。
・de aru tame. - Because of. Not suited. Neither unusual or uncontrollable.
・no sei de. - Because of. Not suited. Outcome expected to be bad.
・wo kikkake ni. - Because of. Suited. It is chance or an opportunity or it is a trigger for following action.
・irai. - Ever Since. Not suited. Outcome should be done continuously or repeatedly.

Order

Usage

AN.03: Grammar-Formulae

L3

Peripherals

CS.01: Relations

Words

situation

・① joutai: 状態 ・Situation
・current status, condition, situation, circumstances, state

・患者は依然として意識不明の状態が続いている.
・Patient remains in an unconscious state.

・② joukyou: 状況 ・Situation
・state of affairs around you, situation, circumstances

・現場の状況がわかったら知らせてくれ.
・Let me know when you have a situation on the ground.

・③ jousei: 情勢 ・Situation
・state of affairs, state of things, situation, circumstances, condition

・彼女は情勢を把握することができる.
・She is able to grasp the situation.

・④ jitsujou: 実情 ・Situation
・actual state of affairs, actual circumstances, actual situation, real condition

・もっと実情をふまえてものを言って欲しい.
・I wish you would say something more based on the actual situation.

・⑤ yousu: 様子 ・Situation
・state of affairs, state, circumstances, situation, appearance, sign, indication

・彼の家庭の様子は今どんな具合ですか.
・What is his family situation like now?

・⑥ guai: 具合 ・Situation
・state, condition, manner, health, circumstance

・天気の具合が思わしくない.
・Weather conditions are not favorable.

・⑦ choushi: 調子 ・Situation
・tune, tone, rhythm, mood, manner, condition, state of health

・最近体の調子があまりよくない.
・My body hasn’t been feeling very well lately.

・⑧ kyouguu: 境遇 ・Situation
・one's circumstance, situation in life, environment

・彼らはなに不自由ない境遇に育った.
・They grew up in a privileged situation.

complex

・① fukuzatsu: 複雑 ・Complex
・complex, complicated, intricate, mixed feelings

・それを聞いて複雑な気持ちになった.
・Hearing it aroused mixed feelings in me.

・② hanzatsu: 煩雑 ・Complex
・complex, intricate, complicated, confused, troublesome

・煩雑な都会生活を逃れたい.
・I want to escape the complications of city life.

・③ yayakoshii ・Complex
・puzzling, complicated, tangled, complex

・そのややこしい説明では私は訳がわからなくなってしまった.
・That complicated explanation lost me in translation.

clear

・① meikaku: 明確 ・Clear
・clear, precise, definite, distinct

・出かける前に明確な計画を立てておいてほしい.
・I want you to have a clear plan before you go out.

・② akiraka: 明らか ・Clear
・clear, obvious, evident, plain, definite

・何か明らかな違いはあるんですか.
・Is there any obvious difference?

deceive

・① azamuku: 欺く ・Deceive
・to deceive, delude, trick, fool

・敵を欺くにはまず味方を欺かなければならない.
・To deceive one’s enemy, one must first deceive one’s friends.

・② damasu: 騙す ・Deceive
・to trick, cheat, deceive, coax

・彼女は彼の態度に騙された.
・She was fooled by his attitude.

・③ gomakasu: 誤魔化す ・Deceive
・to deceive, falsify, misrepresent, cheat, swindle

・彼は経歴をごまかした.
・He misrepresented the facts of his career.

development

・① hatten: 発展 ・Development
・development, growth, expansion

・その計画は私たちの市を発展させるだろう.
・That plan would develop our city.

・② hattatsu: 発達 ・Development
・development, growth

・スポーツは筋肉の発達に役立つ.
・Sports help muscle development.

・③ tenkai: 展開 ・Development
・development, progression, unfolding, expansion, evolution

・彼は独特の新理論を展開した.
・He developed a unique new theory.

・④ kaihatsu: 開発 ・Development
・development, exploitation

・今アンドロイド用アプリを開発しているところだ.
・We’re developing an Android application at the moment.

・⑤ genzou: 現像 ・Development
・development of film, photographic processing

・この写真を出来るだけ早く現像して下さい.
・Please develop this photo as soon as possible.

・⑥ shinten: 進展 ・Development
・growth, development, growing up

・少年時代の彼の知的成長は実に目覚ましかった.
・His intellectual growth as a boy was truly remarkable.

・⑦ seichou: 成長 ・Development
・progress, development

・交渉はほとんど進展しなかった.
・Negotiations made little progress.

・⑧ hatsuiku: 発育 ・Development
・physical growth, development

・十分な栄養摂取は幼児の発育にとって極めて重要です.
・Adequate nutrition is critical to the development of young children.

・⑨ shinpo: 進歩 ・Development
・progress, advance, improvement, development

・彼女は最近英語が素晴らしく進歩した.
・She has made wonderful progress in English recently.

・⑩ kaitaku: 開拓 ・Development
・reclamation, cultivation, development

・輸入品市場を開拓する多くの努力がなされてきた.
・Many efforts have been made to develop the market for imported products.

・⑪ seiiku: 生育 ・Development
・birth and growth, development, breeding

・雨の量が作物の生育に影響するのですか.
・Does the amount of rain affect crop growth?

・⑫ yousei: 養成 ・Development
・training, education, development, cultivation

・コンピューター技術者を養成する.
・Train computer engineers.

・⑬ zousei: 造成 ・Development
・development of land, preparation, reclamation

・その沿岸地方に臨海工業地帯が造成された.
・A coastal industrial zone was created in that coastal region.

emergency

・① hijou: 非常 ・Emergency
・emergency, unusual, extraordinary

・彼は非常に際して沈着に振る舞った.
・He acted calmly in the emergency.

・② oukyuu: 応急 ・Emergency
・emergency, first-aid

・これらの建物は応急の修理が必要です.
・These buildings need emergency repairs.

・③ kinkyuu: 緊急 ・Emergency
・urgent, pressing, emergency

・緊急の時はこのボタンを押しなさい.
・Press this button in case of emergency.

・④ kiki: 危機 ・Emergency
・crisis, danger, risk

・危機の時は落ち着かなければならない.
・We must calm down in times of crisis.

・⑤ hinan: 避難 ・Emergency
・taking refuge, finding shelter, evacuation

・津波のため村民は高台に避難した.
・Villagers evacuated to higher ground because of the tsunami.

expectation

・① kitai: 期待 ・Expectation
・expectation, anticipation

・あの人にはあまり期待しないほうがいいよ.
・Don’t expect too much from that guy.

・② yosou: 予想 ・Expectation
・expectation, anticipation, prediction

・あなたはどんな結果を予想していますか.
・What results do you anticipate?

・③ omowaku: 思惑 ・Expectation
・expectation, anticipation, prediction, forecast

・株価が思惑通りになった.
・The stock prices behaved as I expected.

・④ senken: 先見 ・Expectation
・foresight, anticipation

・先見の明のある人は最後に成功する.
・A man of vision will succeed in the end.

disperse

・① kakusan: 拡散 ・Disperse
・scattering, diffusion, spread

・多くのコンピュータワームはネットワーク共有を通じて拡散する.
・Many computer worms spread through network sharing.

・② kaisan: 解散 ・Disperse
・breaking up, dispersing, dissolution

・警察がデモ隊を解散させた.
・The police dispersed the demonstrators.

・③ hassan: 発散 ・Disperse
・emission, emanation, radiation, diffusion

・この動物は強いにおいを発散する.
・This animal emits a strong odor.

・④ bunsan: 分散 ・Disperse
・dispersion, breakup, scattering, decentralization

・工場を地方へ分散させるのが望ましい.
・It is desirable to decentralize factories to rural areas.

price

・① hiyou: 費用 ・Price
・cost, expense

・それにはかなりの時間と費用がかかります.
・That will take considerable time and expense.

・② nedan: 値段 ・Price
・price, cost

・その家は値段が思ったより高かった.
・The house was pricier than I expected.

・③ daikin: 代金 ・Price
・price, cost, charge, payment, bill, fee

・その靴の代金を払いましたか.
・Did you pay for those shoes?

・④ kakaku: 価格 ・Price
・price, value, cost

・もっと安い価格になりませんか.
・Can the price be lower?

・⑤ kachi: 価値 ・Price
・value, worth, merit

・この本を読む価値があると思いますか.
・Do you think this book is worth reading?

・⑥ teika: 定価 ・Price
・list price, regular price, established price

・定価から５％値引きいたします.
・We will discount 5% off the list price.

・⑦ bukka: 物価 ・Price
・prices of commodities, prices in general, cost-of-living

・このところ物価が安定している.
・Prices have been stable recently.

・⑧ kaikei: 会計 ・Price
・accounting, finance, account, reckoning, bill at a restaurant

・会計の窓口はどこですか.
・Where is the counter to pay my bill?

・⑨ kanjou: 勘定 ・Price
・calculation, computation, counting, bill, check, account, payment of a bill

・勘定は別々にしてください.
・Give us separate checks please.

・⑩ jika: 時価 ・Price
・current value, price, market value

・時価に見積もって.
・Estimated at market value.

・⑪ seikyuusho: 請求書 ・Price
・bill, job invoice

・請求書を合計してください.
・Please add up the bill.

expenses

・① shouhi: 消費 ・Expenses
・consumption, expenditure

・日本の米の消費は減少している.
・Rice consumption in Japan is declining.

・② rouhi: 浪費 ・Expenses
・waste, extravagance

・それは全くの時間の浪費だ.
・That is a total waste of time.

・③ keihi: 経費 ・Expenses
・expenses, expenditure, outgoings, outlays, costs

・彼女は自分の経費を減らそうとしている.
・She is trying to reduce her expenses.

・④ shuppi: 出費 ・Expenses
・expenses, disbursements

・彼の出費は収入をはるかに上回っているる.
・His expenses far exceed his income.

・⑤ shouhizei: 消費税 ・Expenses
・consumption tax

・価格には消費税は含まれていませる.
・Prices do not include sales tax.

・⑥ nenpi: 燃費 ・Expenses
・fuel consumption, gas mileage

・この車は燃費効率がよい.
・This car is fuel efficient.

・⑦ kaihi: 会費 ・Expenses
・membership fee

・参加のための会費は不要ですい.
・No membership fee is required for participation.

・⑧ ryohi: 旅費 ・Expenses
・travel expenses

・安いホテルに泊まって旅費を浮かした.
・I stayed at a cheap hotel and floated the cost of the trip.

・⑨ shokuhi: 食費 ・Expenses
・food expense

・われわれの金のほとんどが食費になる.
・Most of our money goes to food.

・⑩ koutsuuhi: 交通費 ・Expenses
・traveling expenses, travelling expenses, carfare

・会社までの交通費がだいぶかかる.
・Transportation to the office costs a lot.

・⑪ jihi: 自費 ・Expenses
・one's own expense, out-of-pocket expense

・私は自費でパーティーを開いた.
・I threw a party at my own expense.

・⑫ seikatsuhi: 生活費 ・Expenses
・living expenses

・彼女は生活費を親に頼っているた.
・She depends on her parents for her living expenses.

・⑬ jippi: 実費 ・Expenses
・actual expenses, out-of-pocket expenses

・交通費は全額実費でお払いします.
・All transportation expenses will be paid at actual cost.

・⑭ shouhiryou: 消費量 ・Expenses
・amount of consumption

・アルコールの消費量は年々増えている.
・Alcohol consumption is increasing every year.

・⑮ seisanhi: 生産費 ・Expenses
・production costs

・もちろん利潤は生産費を上回るべきです.
・Of course, profit margins should exceed production costs.

・⑯ iryouhi: 医療費 ・Expenses
・medical expenses, doctor's bill

・患者に資力がなければ医療費は免除する.
・If the patient does not have the resources, medical expenses are waived.

・⑰ kakeihi: 家計費 ・Expenses
・household expenses

・私たちの家計費は先月赤字になった.
・Our household expenses went into the red last month.

・⑱ koukokuhi: 広告費 ・Expenses
・advertising expenses

・広告費はこの会社の経費の約７％を占めている.
・Advertising costs account for about 7% of this company’s expenses.

・⑲ kekkonhiyou: 結婚費用 ・Expenses
・wedding expenses

・彼らの結婚費用は相当なものだった.
・The cost of their marriage was substantial.

fee

・① ryoukin: 料金 ・Fee
・fee, charge, fare

・予約を変更すると料金が変わりますか.
・If I change my reservation, will the fee change?

・② muryou: 無料 ・Fee
・free of charge, gratuitous

・そのパンフレットは無料ですか.
・The pamphlet is free of charge?

・③ yuuryou: 有料 ・Fee
・fee-charging, paid, not free

・入場は有料ですか無料ですか.
・Is admission charged or free?

・④ kyuuryou: 給料 ・Fee
・salary, wages, pay

・給料は妻に全額渡すことにしている.
・I give my wife my entire salary.

・⑤ souryou: 送料 ・Fee
・postage, carriage, shipping charge

・御返品の場合は送料無料.
・Free shipping for returns.

・⑥ unchin: 運賃 ・Fee
・passenger fare, freight rates, shipping expenses

・バスの運賃はいくらですか.
・How much is the bus fare?

・⑦ hangaku: 半額 ・Fee
・half the amount of money, half price, half fare

・鉄道の料金は子供は大人の半額だ.
・The train fare is half the price of an adult for children.

・⑧ chingin: 賃金 ・Fee
・wages, pay, rental payment

・私は彼にその場ですぐ賃金を払った.
・I paid him his wages right then and there.

・⑨ nyuukanryou: 入館料 ・Fee
・admission fee

・入館料は大人料金で7ユーロでしたた.
・Admission was 7 euros for adults.

・⑩ nyuujouryou: 入場料 ・Fee
・entrance fee, admission fee, admission, entrance charge

・この美術館の入場料は30ドルです.
・Admission to this museum is 30 dollars.

・⑪ jugyouryou: 授業料 ・Fee
・tuition fee, course fee

・俺の大学の授業料は高すぎる.
・My college tuition is too high.

・⑫ shiyouryou: 使用料 ・Fee
・usage fee, rent, hiring fee

・私のピアノレッスンの使用料を含んでいます.
・The price of my piano lessons includes the use of the piano.

・⑬ tesuuryou: 手数料 ・Fee
・handling fee, charge for a cancellation, commission, brokerage

・それには手数料がかかりますか.
・Is there a fee for that?

・⑭ yachin: 家賃 ・Fee
・rent

・私は家賃に週に５０ドルしか払えない.
・I can only afford 50 dollars a week for rent.

・⑮ chintai: 賃貸 ・Fee
・lease, rent, hire

・複数の企業は賃貸協約のこれらのフォークリフトを得る.
・Several companies get these forklifts in rental agreements.

・⑯ denshachin: 電車賃 ・Fee
・train fare

・ホテルの部屋を予約し、電車賃を払ってここに来たる.
・I booked a hotel room, paid the train fare, and came here.

charge

・① daikin: 代金 ・Charge
・price, payment, cost, charge, bill

・その靴の代金を払いましたか.
・Did you pay for those shoes?

・② denwadai: 電話代 ・Charge
・telephone bill, telephone rate

・電話代有料アプリを支払う.
・Pay phone bill pay app.

・③ denkidai: 電気代 ・Charge
・electric utility expense

・家に太陽電池パネルを設置してから電気代が半分に減った.
・My electric bill has been cut in half since I installed solar panels on my house.

・④ gasorindai: ガソリンだい ・Charge
・gasoline money, petrol cost

・ガソリン代が高くなってきたので車を手放さなければならなかった.
・I had to give up my car because of the high gas prices.

rule

① 規則・きそく

・rule, regulation
・その規則は修正されるべきだ
・That rule should be modified

② 支配・しはい

・rule, domination, control, management, guidance, influence, sway
・誰がこの国を支配していたか
・Who ruled this country?

③ 統治・とうち

・rule, reign, governing
・フランスの統治下にあった
・It was under French rule

④ 主義・しゅぎ

・doctrine, rule, principle
・我々は同じ主義を抱いている
・We embrace the same principle

⑤ 法則・ほうそく

・law, rule
・あらゆるものは自然の法則を受けている
・Everything is subject to the laws of nature

⑥ 規定・きてい

・stipulation, prescription, provision, regulation, rule
・志願者は女性に限ると規定されている
・It is stipulated that applicants must be female

⑦ 原則・げんそく

・principle, general rule
・文法の原則が含まれている
・Grammar principles included

⑧ 規制・きせい

・regulation, control, restriction
・その規制はこのケースには適用されない
・That regulation does not apply to this case

⑨ 統制・とうせい

・regulation, control, command and control
・その国では政府が物価を統制している
・In that country, the government controls prices
establish

① 設定・せってい

・establishment, creation, posing, setting, scene, option setting, configuration, set up
・新しい運営法を設定する
・Set up a new operating method

② 設立・せつりつ

・establishment, founding, incorporation
・この協会は自然保護のために設立された
・This association was founded to protect nature

③ 創立・そうりつ

・establishment, founding, organization
・この学校は1900年に創立された
・This school was founded in 1900

④ 確立・かくりつ

・establishment, settlement
・独自の外交方針を確立することだ
・It's about establishing our own foreign policy

⑤ 樹立・じゅりつ

・establishment, founding, setting a record
・マラソンで新記録を樹立した
・He set a new record in the marathon

⑥ 設置・せっち

・establishment, institution, installation
・集中暖房を事務所に設置した
・Centralized heating was installed in the office

⑦ 建設・けんせつ

・establishment, construction, build
・彼らは工場を建設するだけの資金を持っている
・They have enough money to build a factory

⑧ 成立・せいりつ

・establishment, formation, materialization, coming into existence
・新しい委員会の成立は彼の熱意に負うところが大きい
・The formation of the new committee owes much to his enthusiasm

⑨ 施設・しせつ

・establishment, institution, facility
・私達の町にはすばらしいスポーツ施設がある
・Our town has great sports facilities

⑩ 創設・そうせつ

・establishment, founding, organization
・この大学は1843年に創設された
・The college was founded in 1843

⑪ 制定・せいてい

・establishment, enactment, creation
・その法律は明治時代に制定された
・That law was enacted during the Meiji era

⑫ 開設・かいせつ

・establishment, opening, setting up, inauguration
・新しい診療所がこの町に開設された
・A new clinic has opened in this town

⑬ 新設・しんせつ

・establishing, founding, setting up, organizing
・大学院新設の提案である
・It is a proposal to establish a new graduate school

⑭ 構える・かまえる

・set up, build, establish, run, prepare in advance
・彼は大通りに店を構えている
・He has a store on Main Street
report

① 報告・ほうこく

・report, information
・結果が分かったらこちらから報告します
・We will report back here when we know the results

② 申告・しんこく

・report, return, statement, declaration
・申告するものは何も持っていません
・I have nothing to declare

③ 報道・ほうどう

・report, reporting, news, information
・その報道はまだ確認されてない
・That report has not yet been confirmed

④ 記事・きじ

・article, news story, report, account
・いつも記事を書いています
・I always write articles

⑤ 通報・つうほう

・report, notification, tip, bulletin
・すぐ警察に通報してください
・You should notify the police at once

⑥ 特集・とくしゅう

・feature, special edition, report
・その週刊誌は今週は総選挙特集を組んだ
・That weekly magazine ran a general election special this week

⑦ 情報 ・じょうほう

・information, news, intelligence, advices
・株のうまい情報を漏らしてくれた
・He leaked some good information about the stock
cooking

① 料理・りょうり

・cooking, cookery, cuisine, meal, food, dish
・当店はフランス料理を得意としています
・We specialize in French cuisine

② 調理・ちょうり

・cooking, food preparation
・卵はどのように調理しましょうか
・How should we cook the eggs?

③ 炊事・すいじ

・cooking, kitchen work, culinary arts
・私は炊事が全然できない
・I can't cook at all

④ 自炊・じすい

・cooking for oneself, cooking one’s own food
・私は自炊に慣れている
・I am used to cooking for myself

⑤ 割烹・かっぽう

・cooking, cuisine
・実際にフレンチ割烹をやると決めたのは5年前くらいです
・I actually decided to open a French kappo restaurant about five years ago

⑥ 煮炊き・にたき

・cooking
・自分で煮炊きするのに慣れている
・I'm used to cooking my own food

⑦ 手料理 ・てりょうり

・home cooking
・君の手料理がきっと恋しくなると思うよ
・I'm sure I'll miss your home-cooked meals
suitable

② 適切・てきせつ

・appropriate, suitable, fitting, apt, proper, right, relevant

・その問題に関する彼の意見はたいへん適切だ.
・His opinion on the matter is very pertinent.

② 適宜・てきぎ

・appropriate, suitable, fitting, proper

・現地へ着いたら適宜に行動してください.
・Please act accordingly when you get there.

③ 適当・てきとう

・suitable, proper, appropriate, adequate, fit, fair

・子供たちに適当な遊び場が欲しい.
・I need a suitable playground for my children.

④ 相当・そうとう

・equivalent to, appropriate, suitable, proportionate

・その言葉に相当する英語が見当たらない.
・I can’t find the English equivalent of that word.

⑤ 妥当・だとう

・valid, proper, right, appropriate, reasonable

・あのレストランなら妥当な値段でいい料理が食べられますよ.
・You can get good food at a reasonable price in that restaurant.

⑥ 相応・そうおう

・suitable, appropriate, befitting, becoming, adequate

・各自が働きに相応した報酬を受け取った.
・Each one received payment proportional to the work he had done.

⑦ 穏当・おんとう

・proper, reasonable, right, appropriate

・それなら穏当な処置と言えるだろう.
・Then it can be said that it is a moderate measure.

⑧ 当該・とうがい

・appropriate, concerned, relevant, applicable, competent

・交通法規の当該事項を参照せよ.
・Refer to the relevant sections of the Traffic Laws and Regulations.

⑨ 相応しい・ふさわしい

・appropriate, adequate, suitable, fitting, worthy

・彼女のコートはその場にふさわしくなかった.
・Her coat was not appropriate for the occasion.

finally

① やっと

・finally, at last, at length・barely・narrowly
・Expresses expectation, intention to happen or be able to happen.
・Something is finally been able to do or accomplish.
・Finally done beyond expectation or a consequence.

・長く続いた試合がやっと終わった.
・The long game was finally over.

② ようやく

・finally, at last
・Expresses expectation, intention to happen or be able to happen.
・Something is finally been able to do or accomplish.
・Finally done beyond expectation or a consequence.

・今日になってようやく事の詳細を知りました.
・Today I finally learned the details of what happened.

③ いよいよ

・finally, at last
・Expresses expectation, intention to happen or be able to happen and more bound to happen.

・いよいよ今週を限りにしばらくのお休みです.
・Finally, we are taking a short break after this week.

④ ついに

・finally, at last, in the end
・Unplanned, not wanted to happen, unwanted outcome or happens naturally.
・Something is finally came to and end after a long time.
・Happened beyond expectation or a consequence.
・Did not happen at all.

・彼の夢がついに実現した.
・His dream finally came true.

⑤ とうとう

・finally, at last, ultimately, in the end
・Unplanned, not wanted to happen, unwanted outcome or happens naturally.
・Something is finally came to and end after a long time.
・Happened beyond expectation or a consequence.
・Did not happen at all.

・実験を繰り返してとうとう予期した結果を得た.
・Repeated experiments finally yielded the expected results.

⑥ けっきょく

・after all, in the end, ultimately, eventually
・Happens in conclusion.

・結局会社の役に立ったじゃないか.
・After all, we did contribute something to our company.

cause

① 来す・きたす

・to cause, induce, bring about a result or state, produce

・コミュニケーションに支障を来す間違いのことです.
・このため不快感または疼痛を来すこともある.
・長時間にわたり安定供給に支障を来すことも懸念されます.
・暗号化処理における処理速度の著しい低下を来すことがない.

・It is a mistake that interferes with communication.
・This may cause discomfort or pain.
・There is also concern that stable supply may be disrupted for an extended period of time.
・The encryption process does not significantly reduce the processing speed.

② 生じる・しょうじる

・to produce, yield, cause, resulted to, generated

・これらは大量の熱を生じる.
・同じ相対誤差が計算ごとに生じる.
・結果は時間を通じて生じる利益を示す.
・金属に生じる応力を高精度に検出する.
・生活水準は所得格差によって生じる.

・These produce a large amount of heat.
・The same relative error occurs for each calculation.
・Results show benefits accruing through time.
・Detects stresses in metals with high accuracy.
・Living standards are caused by income inequality.

③ 起こす・おこす

・to cause, bring about, lead to, trigger, create, generate, produce

・子供のいたずらがよく火事を起こす.
・小さな火花はしばしば大きな炎を起こす.
・いろんな物質にアレルギー反応を起こす.

・Children’s mischief often causes fires.
・Small sparks often create large flames.
・Causes allergic reactions in some people.

④ 及ぼす・およぼす

・to cause, bring about, exert, exercise, have an effect

・台風は田畑に甚大な被害を及ぼした.
・それは悪い影響を彼らに及ぼした.
・たばこは健康に悪い影響を及ぼす.
・日本の地域戦略にどのような悪影響を及ぼすのだろうか.
・ファイルシステム自体には害を及ぼすことはない.

・The typhoon caused extensive damage to the fields.
・It had a bad influence on them.
・Tobacco is bad for your health.
・How will this adversely affect Japan’s regional strategies?
・The file system itself is not harmed.

Grammar

Meaning

Homophones

Reference

Cooccurence

CS.02: Notations

Grammar

N3
N2
N1
L2
L3
GC
GK

Reading

Listening

N3
N2
N1

ExamNotes

N3
N2
N1

CS.03: Honorifics

Reading

Sentences

CS.04: Wordfinder

Words

Daily

Usage

Chart

Freq

CS.05: Semantics

Phrases

Sentences

Functions

Rehearsals

MZ.01: Explicit-Decode

Kanji

N5
N4
N3
N2
N1

Script

Words

Adj-I
Adj-Na
Noun
Adverb

Phrases

MZ.02: Notes-Encode

I-Adjective

Na-Adjective

Adverbs

Similars

Grammar

Scripts